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Clinical utility of biomarkers of endothelial activation in sepsis - a systematic review

Sepsis is a complex syndrome that results from a host’s response to invasive infection 2] and severe sepsis with organ dysfunction and septic shock are leading causes of death in critically ill patients.[3] A tool that would predict prognosis or allow risk-stratification of patients is needed to inform healthcare providers, families and decision makers, and facilitate the study and implementation of evolving therapeutic interventions.A biomarker is defined as “…a characteristic that is objectively measured as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes or pharmacologic responses to therapeutic intervention".[4] Despite the proposal of over 100 distinct biological molecules as biomarkers for sepsis, no useful single biomarker, or combination thereof, has yet been identified.[5]
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Systemic Lidocaine Decreased the Perioperative Opioid Analgesic Requirements but Failed to Reduce Discharge Time After Ambulatory Surgery

Perioperative systemic lidocaine significantly reduces opioid requirements in the ambulatory setting without affecting time to discharge. Postoperative pain is the most common reason for delay in discharge and unplanned hospital admission after ambulatory surgery. 1–3 Because postoperative pain is to a large extent an inflammatory phenomenon, administration of systemic local anesthetics, which have inflammatory modulatory properties, 4 could significantly reduce pain and therefore allow more rapid discharge. 5 Lidocaine has an excellent safety record when administered by low-dose infusion. 5–7 However, whereas decreased hospital stay after inpatient surgery has been demonstrated, the effect of intraoperative and early postoperative lidocaine infusion on duration of stay after ambulatory surgery is not known. Although it see...