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OEDEME AIGU DU POUMON PAR PRESSION NEGATIVE APRES LARYNGO SPASME PER ANETHESIQUE.
A PROPOS D’UN CAS.
Claudine Jolicoeur, MD, 2012


La survenue d’OAP après un laryngospasme pendant l’anesthésie générale est un événement relativement rare.
Cette complication survient plus fréquemment chez le sujet jeune. Elle doit être reconnue par l’anesthésiologiste et rapidement traitée. L’explication admise dans la survenue de cet événement est l’augmentation importante de la pression négative intra thoracique provoquée par les efforts inspiratoires avec glotte fermée, qui fait passer le liquide plasmatique des capillaires pulmonaires dans les alvéoles. Un cas d’oedème aigu du poumon est rapporté chez un enfant dans la période per opératoire.

OBSERVATION
Cette observation survenue en 1989 a été présentée lors des 7emes Journées de Pédiatrie de la SHP. Il s’agit d’une fillette de 4 ans programmée pour une intervention orthopédique sélective, correction de pied
bot congénital. Elle pèse 15kg et est en bonne santé. Notée 2 dans la classification de la American Society of Anesthesiology, (ASA), à cause d’une anémie modérée à 10g d’hémoglobine, elle n’a pas d’allergie connue ni
d’infection respiratoire active ou récente, pas d’histoire de chirurgie ou d’hospitalisation antérieure. L’anesthésie est débutée par voie pulmonaire avec l’inhalation de fluothane par masque facial à des
concentrations progressives de 0,5 à 2%, dans un mélange de protoxyde d’azote et d’oxygène a 50%. Une voie veineuse est mise en place des la perte de conscience avec un soluté glucose dans du chlorure de sodium à 0,45%. Le monitoring consiste en la mesure de la saturation oxygénée et la prise de la TA. L’auscultation pulmonaire est réalisée de façon régulière. Après l’administration de MidazolamR (1mg), de FentanylR (1microgramme /kg), et d’Atropine (0, 2mg), une hyperventilation est réalisée......."

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